C (65 terms)
Caching
Storing results to reduce compute.
Intermediate
Calibration
The degree to which predicted probabilities match true frequencies (e.g., 0.8 means ~80% correct).
Intermediate
Canary Release
Incrementally deploying new models to reduce risk.
Intermediate
Canary Tokens
Detecting unauthorized model outputs or data leaks.
Intermediate
Capability Overhang
Stored compute or algorithms enabling rapid jumps.
Advanced
Case Outcome Prediction
Predicting case success probabilities.
Intermediate
Catastrophic Forgetting
Loss of old knowledge when learning new tasks.
Intermediate
Causal Graph
Directed acyclic graph encoding causal relationships.
Advanced
Causal Inference
Framework for reasoning about cause-effect relationships beyond correlation, often using structural assumptions and e...
Intermediate
Causal Mask
Prevents attention to future tokens during training/inference.
Intermediate
Central Limit Theorem
Sum of independent variables converges to normal distribution.
Advanced
Chain-of-Thought
Stepwise reasoning patterns that can improve multi-step tasks; often handled implicitly or summarized for safety/priv...
Intermediate
Change Management
Governance of model changes.
Intermediate
Change Point Detection
Identifying abrupt changes in data generation.
Intermediate
Chinchilla Scaling
Scaling law optimizing compute vs data.
Intermediate
Chunking
Breaking documents into pieces for retrieval; chunk size/overlap strongly affect RAG quality.
Intermediate
CI/CD for ML
Automated testing and deployment processes for models and data workflows, extending DevOps to ML artifacts.
Intermediate
Class Imbalance
When some classes are rare, requiring reweighting, resampling, or specialized metrics.
Intermediate
Clinical Decision Support
AI systems assisting clinicians with diagnosis or treatment decisions.
Intermediate
Clinical Validation
Testing AI under actual clinical conditions.
Intermediate
CLIP
Joint vision-language model aligning images and text.
Intermediate
Closed Model
Models accessible only via service APIs.
Intermediate
Closed-Loop Control
Control using real-time sensor feedback.
Advanced
Cognitive Architecture
System-level design for general intelligence.
Frontier
Cognitive Map
Internal representation of environment layout.
Frontier
Cold Start
Startup latency for services.
Intermediate
Commoditization
Declining differentiation among models.
Intermediate
Commonsense Physics
Human-like understanding of physical behavior.
Frontier
Competitive Game
Agents have opposing objectives.
Advanced
Computational Chemistry
Modeling chemical systems computationally.
Advanced
Computational Learning Theory
A theoretical framework analyzing what classes of functions can be learned, how efficiently, and with what guarantees.
Intermediate
Compute
Hardware resources used for training/inference; constrained by memory bandwidth, FLOPs, and parallelism.
Intermediate
Compute Governance
Regulating access to large-scale compute.
Intermediate
Compute Scaling
Increasing model capacity via compute.
Intermediate
Computer Vision
AI focused on interpreting images/video: classification, detection, segmentation, tracking, and 3D understanding.
Intermediate
Computer-Aided Diagnosis
Automated assistance identifying disease indicators.
Intermediate
Concept Drift
The relationship between inputs and outputs changes over time, requiring monitoring and model updates.
Intermediate
Condition Number
Sensitivity of a function to input perturbations.
Advanced
Conditional Random Field
Probabilistic graphical model for structured prediction.
Intermediate
Configuration Space
Space of all possible robot configurations.
Advanced
Confounding
A hidden variable influences both cause and effect, biasing naive estimates of causal impact.
Intermediate
Confusion Matrix
A table summarizing classification outcomes, foundational for metrics like precision, recall, specificity.
Intermediate
Constrained Optimization
Optimization under equality/inequality constraints.
Intermediate
Constraint Prompting
Explicit output constraints (format, tone).
Intro
Contact Dynamics
Modeling interactions with environment.
Advanced
Context Compression
Techniques to handle longer documents without quadratic cost.
Intermediate
Context Window
Maximum number of tokens the model can attend to in one forward pass; constrains long-document reasoning.
Intermediate
Control Loop
Continuous loop adjusting actions based on state feedback.
Advanced
Control Theory
Mathematical framework for controlling dynamic systems.
Intermediate
Controller
Algorithm computing control actions.
Intermediate
Convex Optimization
Optimization problems where any local minimum is global.
Intermediate
Convolutional Neural Network
Networks using convolution operations with weight sharing and locality, effective for images and signals.
Intermediate
Cooperative AI
Designing AI to cooperate with humans and each other.
Intermediate
Cooperative Game
Agents optimize collective outcomes.
Advanced
Coordination Failure
Agents fail to coordinate optimally.
Advanced
Correlation
Normalized covariance.
Advanced
Corrigibility
Willingness of system to accept correction or shutdown.
Advanced
Cost Attribution
Assigning AI costs to business units.
Intermediate
Counterfactual
What would have happened under different conditions.
Advanced
Covariance
Measures joint variability between variables.
Advanced
Credit Scoring
Predicting borrower default risk.
Intermediate
Cross-Attention
Attention between different modalities.
Intermediate
Cross-Entropy
Measures divergence between true and predicted probability distributions.
Intermediate
Cross-Validation
A robust evaluation technique that trains/evaluates across multiple splits to estimate performance variability.
Intermediate
Curriculum Learning
Ordering training samples from easier to harder to improve convergence or generalization.
Intermediate