A (52 terms)

A* Algorithm Optimal pathfinding algorithm. Advanced A/B Testing Controlled experiment comparing variants by random assignment to estimate causal effects of changes. Intermediate Absolute Positional Encoding Encodes token position explicitly, often via sinusoids. Intermediate Accuracy Fraction of correct predictions; can be misleading on imbalanced datasets. Intermediate Acoustic Model Maps audio signals to linguistic units. Intermediate Action Space Set of all actions available to the agent. Intermediate Activation Function Nonlinear functions enabling networks to approximate complex mappings; ReLU variants dominate modern DL. Intermediate Active Experimentation AI selecting next experiments. Advanced Active Inference Acting to minimize surprise or free energy. Frontier Active Learning Selecting the most informative samples to label (e.g., uncertainty sampling) to reduce labeling cost. Intermediate Actor-Critic Combines value estimation (critic) with policy learning (actor). Intermediate Actuator Hardware components that execute physical actions. Advanced Adam Popular optimizer combining momentum and per-parameter adaptive step sizes via first/second moment estimates. Intermediate Adaptive Optimization Methods like Adam adjusting learning rates dynamically. Intermediate Adversarial Example Inputs crafted to cause model errors or unsafe behavior, often imperceptible in vision or subtle in text. Intermediate Adversarial Market Market reacting strategically to AI. Advanced Affordance Perceived actions an environment allows. Frontier Agent A system that perceives state, selects actions, and pursues goals—often combining LLM reasoning with tools and memory. Intermediate Agent Loop Continuous cycle of observation, reasoning, action, and feedback. Intermediate AI Adoption Curve Organizational uptake of AI technologies. Intermediate AI Boxing Isolating AI systems. Advanced AI Center of Excellence Centralized AI expertise group. Intermediate AI Hallucination Fabrication of cases or statutes by LLMs. Intermediate AI Treaty International agreements on AI. Intermediate Algorithmic Accountability Ensuring decisions can be explained and traced. Intermediate Algorithmic Bias Unequal performance across demographic groups. Intermediate Algorithmic Collusion AI tacitly coordinating prices. Advanced Algorithmic Trading AI-driven buying/selling of financial assets. Intermediate Alignment Ensuring model behavior matches human goals, norms, and constraints, including reducing harmful or deceptive outputs. Intermediate Alignment Problem Ensuring AI systems pursue intended human goals. Advanced Alignment Research Research ensuring AI remains safe. Intermediate Alignment Tax Tradeoff between safety and performance. Advanced Alpha Returns above benchmark. Intermediate AlphaFold Deep learning system for protein structure prediction. Advanced ARIMA Classical statistical time-series model. Intermediate Artificial General Intelligence AI capable of performing most intellectual tasks humans can. Frontier Artificial Intelligence The field of building systems that perform tasks associated with human intelligence—perception, reasoning, language, ... Intermediate Attention Mechanism that computes context-aware mixtures of representations; scales well and captures long-range dependencies. Intermediate Attention Head A single attention mechanism within multi-head attention. Intermediate Attorney-Client Privilege Protection of private legal communications. Intermediate AUC Scalar summary of ROC; measures ranking ability, not calibration. Intermediate Auction Mechanism Rules governing auctions. Advanced Audit Systematic review of model/data processes to ensure performance, fairness, security, and policy compliance. Intermediate Audit Trail Logged record of model inputs, outputs, and decisions. Intermediate Auditability Ability to inspect and verify AI decisions. Intermediate Autoencoder Model that compresses input into latent space and reconstructs it. Advanced Automated Hypothesis Generation AI proposing scientific hypotheses. Advanced Automation Bias Tendency to trust automated suggestions even when incorrect; mitigated by UI design, training, and checks. Intermediate Autonomous Agent System that independently pursues goals over time. Advanced Autoregressive Model Generates sequences one token at a time, conditioning on past tokens. Intermediate Autoscaling Dynamic resource allocation. Intermediate Average Treatment Effect Expected causal effect of a treatment. Advanced