B (16 terms)

Backdoor / Trojan Hidden behavior activated by specific triggers, causing targeted mispredictions or undesired outputs. Intermediate Batch Inference Running predictions on large datasets periodically. Intermediate Batch Size Number of samples per gradient update; impacts compute efficiency, generalization, and stability. Intermediate Bayesian Inference Updating beliefs about parameters using observed evidence and prior distributions. Intermediate Beam Search Search algorithm for generation that keeps top-k partial sequences; can improve likelihood but reduce diversity. Intermediate Behavior Cloning Learning action mapping directly from demonstrations. Advanced Bellman Equation Fundamental recursive relationship defining optimal value functions. Intermediate Benchmark A dataset + metric suite for comparing models; can be gamed or misaligned with real-world goals. Intermediate Bias Systematic differences in model outcomes across groups; arises from data, labels, and deployment context. Intermediate Bias Term Systematic error introduced by simplifying assumptions in a learning algorithm. Intermediate Bias–Variance Tradeoff A conceptual framework describing error as the sum of systematic error (bias) and sensitivity to data (variance). Intermediate Blackboard System Agents communicate via shared state. Advanced Blue-Green Deployment Maintaining two environments for instant rollback. Intermediate Boltzmann Machine Probabilistic energy-based neural network with hidden variables. Intermediate Bottleneck Layer A narrow hidden layer forcing compact representations. Intermediate Brier Score A proper scoring rule measuring squared error of predicted probabilities for binary outcomes. Intermediate