Chunking

Constraining outputs to retrieved or provided sources, often with citation, to improve factual reliability.

Fine-tuning on (prompt, response) pairs to align a model with instruction-following behaviors.

Model trained to predict human preferences (or utility) for candidate outputs; used in RLHF-style pipelines.

Ensuring model behavior matches human goals, norms, and constraints, including reducing harmful or deceptive outputs.

Achieving task performance by providing a small number of examples inside the prompt without weight updates.

Stepwise reasoning patterns that can improve multi-step tasks; often handled implicitly or summarized for safety/priv...

Architecture that retrieves relevant documents (e.g., from a vector DB) and conditions generation on them to reduce h...

Retrieval based on embedding similarity rather than keyword overlap, capturing paraphrases and related concepts.