Objective Surface

Minimum relative to nearby points.

Lowest possible loss.

Flat high-dimensional regions slowing training.

Choosing step size along gradient direction.

Constraining model outputs into a schema used to call external APIs/tools safely and deterministically.

Forcing predictable formats for downstream systems; reduces parsing errors and supports validation/guardrails.

Models that process or generate multiple modalities, enabling vision-language tasks, speech, video understanding, etc.

AI subfield dealing with understanding and generating human language, including syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.