NLP

Visualization of optimization landscape.

Minimum relative to nearby points.

Lowest possible loss.

Flat high-dimensional regions slowing training.

Coordinating tools, models, and steps (retrieval, calls, validation) to deliver reliable end-to-end behavior.

Constraining model outputs into a schema used to call external APIs/tools safely and deterministically.

Forcing predictable formats for downstream systems; reduces parsing errors and supports validation/guardrails.

Models that process or generate multiple modalities, enabling vision-language tasks, speech, video understanding, etc.