Results for "cumulative probability"

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70 results

Sampling Intermediate

Stochastic generation strategies that trade determinism for diversity; key knobs include temperature and nucleus sampling.

Foundations & Theory
Probability Distribution Advanced

Describes likelihoods of random variable outcomes.

Probability & Statistics
Reinforcement Learning Intermediate

A learning paradigm where an agent interacts with an environment and learns to choose actions to maximize cumulative reward.

Reinforcement Learning
Value Function Intermediate

Expected cumulative reward from a state or state-action pair.

AI Economics & Strategy
Top-p Intermediate

Samples from the smallest set of tokens whose probabilities sum to p, adapting set size by context.

Foundations & Theory
Top-k Intermediate

Samples from the k highest-probability tokens to limit unlikely outputs.

Foundations & Theory
Likelihood Function Advanced

Probability of data given parameters.

Probability & Statistics
Policy Intermediate

Strategy mapping states to actions.

AI Economics & Strategy
Markov Decision Process Intermediate

Formal framework for sequential decision-making under uncertainty.

AI Economics & Strategy
Change Point Detection Intermediate

Identifying abrupt changes in data generation.

Time Series
Q-Function Intermediate

Expected return of taking action in a state.

AI Economics & Strategy
KL Divergence Intermediate

Measures how one probability distribution diverges from another.

AI Economics & Strategy
Energy-Based Model Intermediate

Models that define an energy landscape rather than explicit probabilities.

Model Architectures
RLHF Intermediate

Reinforcement learning from human feedback: uses preference data to train a reward model and optimize the policy.

Optimization
Beam Search Intermediate

Search algorithm for generation that keeps top-k partial sequences; can improve likelihood but reduce diversity.

Foundations & Theory
Action Space Intermediate

Set of all actions available to the agent.

AI Economics & Strategy
Optimal Control Intermediate

Finding control policies minimizing cumulative cost.

Foundations & Theory
Slow Takeoff Advanced

Incremental capability growth.

AI Safety & Alignment
Log Loss Intermediate

Penalizes confident wrong predictions heavily; standard for classification and language modeling.

Optimization
Maximum Likelihood Estimation Intermediate

Estimating parameters by maximizing likelihood of observed data.

AI Economics & Strategy
Bayesian Inference Intermediate

Updating beliefs about parameters using observed evidence and prior distributions.

AI Economics & Strategy
Factor Graph Intermediate

Graphical model expressing factorization of a probability distribution.

Model Architectures
Expectation Advanced

Average value under a distribution.

Probability & Statistics
Language Model Intermediate

A model that assigns probabilities to sequences of tokens; often trained by next-token prediction.

Large Language Models
PAC Learning Intermediate

A model is PAC-learnable if it can, with high probability, learn an approximately correct hypothesis from finite samples.

AI Economics & Strategy
Entropy Intermediate

A measure of randomness or uncertainty in a probability distribution.

AI Economics & Strategy
Cross-Entropy Intermediate

Measures divergence between true and predicted probability distributions.

AI Economics & Strategy
Fisher Information Intermediate

Measures how much information an observable random variable carries about unknown parameters.

AI Economics & Strategy
Propensity Score Advanced

Probability of treatment assignment given covariates.

Causal AI & Interpretability
GAN Advanced

Two-network setup where generator fools a discriminator.

Diffusion & Generative Models

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