Results for "function calling"

Function Calling

Intermediate

Constraining model outputs into a schema used to call external APIs/tools safely and deterministically.

Function calling in AI is like giving a computer a specific set of instructions to follow when it needs to get information from another source. Imagine you have a recipe that tells you exactly how to ask a delivery service for ingredients. In AI, function calling ensures that when a model needs t...

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143 results

Momentum Intermediate

Uses an exponential moving average of gradients to speed convergence and reduce oscillation.

Optimization
Stochastic Gradient Descent Intermediate

A gradient method using random minibatches for efficient training on large datasets.

Foundations & Theory
Learning Rate Intermediate

Controls the size of parameter updates; too high diverges, too low trains slowly or gets stuck.

Foundations & Theory
Epoch Intermediate

One complete traversal of the training dataset during training.

Foundations & Theory
Convolutional Neural Network Intermediate

Networks using convolution operations with weight sharing and locality, effective for images and signals.

Neural Networks Computer Vision
Vanishing Gradient Intermediate

Gradients shrink through layers, slowing learning in early layers; mitigated by ReLU, residuals, normalization.

Foundations & Theory
System Prompt Intermediate

A high-priority instruction layer setting overarching behavior constraints for a chat model.

Reinforcement Learning
Few-Shot Learning Intermediate

Achieving task performance by providing a small number of examples inside the prompt without weight updates.

Foundations & Theory
RAG Intermediate

Architecture that retrieves relevant documents (e.g., from a vector DB) and conditions generation on them to reduce hallucinations.

Foundations & Theory
SFT Intermediate

Fine-tuning on (prompt, response) pairs to align a model with instruction-following behaviors.

Foundations & Theory
DPO Intermediate

A preference-based training method optimizing policies directly from pairwise comparisons without explicit RL loops.

Optimization
Reward Model Intermediate

Model trained to predict human preferences (or utility) for candidate outputs; used in RLHF-style pipelines.

Foundations & Theory
LIME Intermediate

Local surrogate explanation method approximating model behavior near a specific input.

Foundations & Theory
Pruning Intermediate

Removing weights or neurons to shrink models and improve efficiency; can be structured or unstructured.

Foundations & Theory
Sampling Intermediate

Stochastic generation strategies that trade determinism for diversity; key knobs include temperature and nucleus sampling.

Foundations & Theory
Temperature Intermediate

Scales logits before sampling; higher increases randomness/diversity, lower increases determinism.

Foundations & Theory
Cross-Entropy Intermediate

Measures divergence between true and predicted probability distributions.

AI Economics & Strategy
Backdoor / Trojan Intermediate

Hidden behavior activated by specific triggers, causing targeted mispredictions or undesired outputs.

Foundations & Theory
Non-Convex Optimization Intermediate

Optimization with multiple local minima/saddle points; typical in neural networks.

AI Economics & Strategy
Planning Intermediate

Methods for breaking goals into steps; can be classical (A*, STRIPS) or LLM-driven with tool calls.

Foundations & Theory
Saddle Point Intermediate

A point where gradient is zero but is neither a max nor min; common in deep nets.

AI Economics & Strategy
Learning Rate Schedule Intermediate

Adjusting learning rate over training to improve convergence.

AI Economics & Strategy
Second-Order Methods Intermediate

Optimization using curvature information; often expensive at scale.

AI Economics & Strategy
Highway Network Intermediate

Early architecture using learned gates for skip connections.

AI Economics & Strategy
Mixture of Experts Intermediate

Routes inputs to subsets of parameters for scalable capacity.

AI Economics & Strategy
Gating Network Intermediate

Chooses which experts process each token.

AI Economics & Strategy
Scaling Laws Intermediate

Empirical laws linking model size, data, compute to performance.

AI Economics & Strategy
Bellman Equation Intermediate

Fundamental recursive relationship defining optimal value functions.

AI Economics & Strategy
Model Watermarking Intermediate

Embedding signals to prove model ownership.

AI Economics & Strategy
Canary Tokens Intermediate

Detecting unauthorized model outputs or data leaks.

AI Economics & Strategy

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