Results for "long context"

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129 results

Self-Attention Intermediate

Attention where queries/keys/values come from the same sequence, enabling token-to-token interactions.

Transformers & LLMs
Positional Encoding Intermediate

Injects sequence order into Transformers, since attention alone is permutation-invariant.

Foundations & Theory
Vocabulary Intermediate

The set of tokens a model can represent; impacts efficiency, multilinguality, and handling of rare strings.

Transformers & LLMs
Prompt Intermediate

The text (and possibly other modalities) given to an LLM to condition its output behavior.

Prompting & Instructions
Tool Use Intermediate

Letting an LLM call external functions/APIs to fetch data, compute, or take actions, improving reliability.

Agents & Autonomy
Semantic Search Intermediate

Retrieval based on embedding similarity rather than keyword overlap, capturing paraphrases and related concepts.

Foundations & Theory
Hallucination Intermediate

Model-generated content that is fluent but unsupported by evidence or incorrect; mitigated by grounding and verification.

Model Failure Modes
Alignment Intermediate

Ensuring model behavior matches human goals, norms, and constraints, including reducing harmful or deceptive outputs.

Foundations & Theory
Guardrails Intermediate

Rules and controls around generation (filters, validators, structured outputs) to reduce unsafe or invalid behavior.

Reinforcement Learning
SHAP Intermediate

Feature attribution method grounded in cooperative game theory for explaining predictions in tabular settings.

Foundations & Theory
Causal Inference Intermediate

Framework for reasoning about cause-effect relationships beyond correlation, often using structural assumptions and experiments.

Foundations & Theory
Data Governance Intermediate

Processes and controls for data quality, access, lineage, retention, and compliance across the AI lifecycle.

Foundations & Theory
Audit Intermediate

Systematic review of model/data processes to ensure performance, fairness, security, and policy compliance.

Governance & Ethics
Model Registry Intermediate

Central system to store model versions, metadata, approvals, and deployment state.

Foundations & Theory
Observability Intermediate

A broader capability to infer internal system state from telemetry, crucial for AI services and agents.

Evaluation & Benchmarking
Latency Intermediate

Time from request to response; critical for real-time inference and UX.

Foundations & Theory
Sampling Intermediate

Stochastic generation strategies that trade determinism for diversity; key knobs include temperature and nucleus sampling.

Foundations & Theory
Perplexity Intermediate

Exponential of average negative log-likelihood; lower means better predictive fit, not necessarily better utility.

Evaluation & Benchmarking
Benchmark Intermediate

A dataset + metric suite for comparing models; can be gamed or misaligned with real-world goals.

Evaluation & Benchmarking
Prompt Injection Intermediate

Attacks that manipulate model instructions (especially via retrieved content) to override system goals or exfiltrate data.

Foundations & Theory
Secure Inference Intermediate

Methods to protect model/data during inference (e.g., trusted execution environments) from operators/attackers.

Foundations & Theory
Orchestration Intermediate

Coordinating tools, models, and steps (retrieval, calls, validation) to deliver reliable end-to-end behavior.

Foundations & Theory
Planning Intermediate

Methods for breaking goals into steps; can be classical (A*, STRIPS) or LLM-driven with tool calls.

Foundations & Theory
Structured Output Intermediate

Forcing predictable formats for downstream systems; reduces parsing errors and supports validation/guardrails.

Foundations & Theory
Bias Term Intermediate

Systematic error introduced by simplifying assumptions in a learning algorithm.

AI Economics & Strategy
Variance Term Intermediate

Error due to sensitivity to fluctuations in the training dataset.

AI Economics & Strategy
Entropy Intermediate

A measure of randomness or uncertainty in a probability distribution.

AI Economics & Strategy
KL Divergence Intermediate

Measures how one probability distribution diverges from another.

AI Economics & Strategy
MAP Estimation Intermediate

Bayesian parameter estimation using the mode of the posterior distribution.

AI Economics & Strategy
Sharp Minimum Intermediate

A narrow minimum often associated with poorer generalization.

AI Economics & Strategy

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